Brussels loom



UNITED STATES vPATENT OFFICE.

ERASTUS B. BIGELOW, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

BRUSSELS LOOM.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 5,620, dated March 20, 1847; Reissued September i 11, 1849, No. 144.

To @ZZ whom t may concern Be it known that I, Ennsrns B. BIGnLow,

ofv Boston, in the county of Suffolk and f State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machinery for Weaving Brussels Carpeting or Such other Fabrics as May be Successfully Produced Thereby, and that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the principle or character' which distinguishes 1t from all other things before known and of the manner of making, constructing, and using the same, reference being had' to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a plan; Fig. 2, a front elevation;` Fig. 3, an elevation of the left side, representing the Jacquard frame as con nected with the loom, and Fig. 4L, alike elevation of the right side. v, The other figures will be referred to in their appropriate places.

The same letters indicate like parts in all the figures.

The character of the first part of my invention consist-s in' making the mechanism which weaves the cloth or forms. the body of the fabric separate and having a distinct organization from the mechanism which operates the figuring wires, removes them from under the pile or figuringl loops and introduces them under the open figuring warp, each of these having a distinct and separate organization, and being operated separately, and connected: by an intermediate mechanism whichstarts one of them as it arrests the other by shifting what com` y municates the motivel power from the one to the other.

The chaiiacter ofthe second part of my invention consists in` taking the figuring wires frein the apparatus which removes them from under the pile or wovenguring loops, by means of lingers or their equivalents which receive and transfer them to the amparatus by which they are introduced under the figuring wa-rps.y And the third part of myinvention consists in the method of introducing the wires under the figuring warps by means of a box into` which they aredropped, which box (or its equivalent), is carried. under the figuring warps, drops the wire and is then moved back.

In.k the accompanying drawings (A, A) represent the two,` sides of'ayproperly adapt'- ated as represented in the drawings and in manner corresponding with that described 1n the Letters Patent granted to me on the 18th of August, 1846, for my improved loom for weaving ingrain carpeting, or these` may be made in any other appropriate manner, as this makes no part of my present invention. The cams that operate the lay are on the cam shaft (L) on which there is a cogged wheel (M) that engagesy with another cogged wheel (N) on an intermediate shaft (O) that receives mot-ion from a pinion (P) on the driving shaft (Q) of this part of the machinery. Onl the intermediate shaft (O) there is a pinion (795) which drives,` by the cogged wheel (05) the shaft (a5) to which it is attached, and' on this shaft are the two picker cams (p10, Q10) that alternately act on,y rollers (falo, om) on the, ends of arms ($1.0, 10) of a horizontal arbor (1110)` to the other end of which is atf tached an armA (w10) for the purpose of operating the pickers` by means of the `picker staffs (es) connected with it by the straps (1g/10) (w10). This same shaft (a5) carries two other cams and (S5), the one (S5) for the purpose of depressing a lever (Z5) that turns on a fulcrum pin on the lever cross bar (B), and this lever is connected at (h5) by a rod (g5) with an arm; (f5) on an upper horizontal shaft (d5) that has its bearings in the boxes (c5, e5)

from which project two other arms (c5, c5)

and oppositey `to they one` (f5) and to these two arms are suspended the movable come ber board (uff), by the two connecting rods (b5) andthe slide rods (wf, m4) t-hatslide in bearings (g/f, yt) and (et, et), the rods (m4, m4) having shoulders toc sustain the comberl boardv in its lowest position. The cam is so formed as, to depress the lever to `,elevate the comber board for the'purpose of elevating they figuring warps` at the required time that the common harness may work the linen` or foundation. warp without interfering with the figuring warp. This todo method'` of elevating the figuring warp has been secured to me by letters patent granted for improvements in themanner of mounting; the loom etc., and bearing date the 30th ofM'ay 1842, toA runfor. fourteen years from the 1st of May 1842 in the specification of which will be found a full, clear, and exact description of the nature and object of the invention and the mode of operation.V There is another lever (i5) similar to andrby' the side of the ,lever (Z5) and operatedby the cam (m5) which is connected with, and operates the jacquard. On the said 'intermediate shaft (O) there is another pinion (om) which engages with a cog wheel (n10) on a tubular arbor that runs on a stud projecting from the frame, and to this arbor are attached the two har-ness cams (C010) and (51) that operate the harness by the usual connection of levers (01, d10), connecting rods (61, gw) and second levers (klo, 10). The woven fabric is taken up after passing over the breast beam (C) by passing between two rollers (a9, b9), the upper one (ai) being used to make pressure on the other (to insure the drawing ofthe fabric) by means of two rods that pass through one of the cross ties (B), and provided with helical springs (d, dg) and the lower one (b9) receives the regular take up motion to insure the regularity of the gures, the apparatus which gives this motion consisting of a ccgged wheel (fg) on the roller (b9) which engages with a pinion (g9) on the arbor of a ratchet wheel (i9) operated at each beat of the lay by a hand (769) on the end of a lever (Z9) connected with one sword of the lay at (p9) by a jointed connect-ing rod, a pawl 11,9) being employed to prevent the ratchet wheel from turning back.

The linen or foundation warp (w3, m3) is given out from the warp beam (a4) by a connecting rod (09), one end of which is jointed to the sword of the lay at the same point (p9) to which the take up motion is connected, the other end being jointed to one end of a lever (a9) that turns freely (as represented bydotted lines in Fig. 3) on a vertical arbor (S9) which has a crown ratchet wheel (t9) actuated at each beatof the lay by a hand (v9) on the opposite end of the lever (ug), and as this ratchet wheel and arber are turned, motion is given to the warp beam by an endless screw (r9) on the uper end of the arber, the threads of which take into the cogs of a spur wheel (gn) on the shaft of the warp beam.

For the purpose of lregulating the let ofl" motion the foundation warps from the warp beam pass over a whip roller (b4) that has its bearings in the upper end of two levers (c4) (d4) that vibrate on centers (e4), and the lower end of each of these levers is provided with a segment rack (f4) the teeth of which engage with pinions (g4) on each end of a shaft (h4) and on this shaft there is a cam (e9) against the periphery of which one arm (represented by dotted lines in Fig. 3) of avlever (109) that turns on a stud pin (m9) bears, the other arm of this lever being connected with the ratchet hand (Q19) by a chain (yg), and the diameter of this cam is such that so long as the end of the lever (wg) bears on its greatest diameter fthe ratchet hand is held up and does not act on the ratchet wheel to turn the warp beam and give out the warp; but so soon as the tension of the warps become so great on the roller (b4) as to overcome the force of a 'weight (at) attached to one end of a strap (Z4) that passes over a roller (m4) and is attached to and extends partly around the periphery of a brake wheel (o4) on the be- Afore mentioned shaft (h4), this shaft is turned and brings the reduced diameter of the cam to the arm of the lever which permits the ratchet. hand to act on the ratchet wheel and give out the warp, so that the giving out of the warp is entirely regulated by its tension on the roller (b4) over which it passes. This mode of giving o-ut the warp I do not claim, and the same end may be accomplished. To prevent the lay, when beating up the weft, from causing the warp beam to give out warp, there is a brake (pt) fitted to the periphery of the brake wheel (04) with one end jointed at (g4) to the frame and the other by a connecting rod (r4) to the sword (G) of the lay so that as the lay beats up the brake is drawn up to the brake wheel and holds fast the let olf motion.

I have thus far described the general organization of that part of the mechanism which is employed in forming the foundation and weaving in the fabric, in which I make no claim to invention as the several movements of which it is composed are well known; but in the arrangement the parts are so located, generally on one side, as to f leave free .space for the location and opera-k tion of the second part of the mechanism, or that which is employed in operating the figuring wires.

The shuttle boxes (K, K) instead of being attached to, and making part of the lay are permanently attached to the sides of the frame by meansof the plates (I, I), the ends of the race board of the lay being properly adapted to pass under them when the lay is thrown back so that the shuttle can pass over the race board back and forth from one shuttle boX to the other.

Before proceeding to the description of the second part of the mechanism, I will simply state that the jacquard frame (S4) is applied in the usual manner, and so located as to have the cords (t4 &c), (through the mails of which the figuring warps pass,) in front of the harness (ys, e3) that works the linen or foundation warps. These cords pass through holes in the movable comber board, and are provided each with a knot (g5) so that by lifting the comber board all the iiguring warps are IDI) lifted up clear of the foundation warps, to admit of working these without interruption from the guring warps.

At the commencement o-f each operation the first part of the mechanism is set in niotion to `weave the foundation web in the usual manner of weaving ordinary cloth, which therefore needs no further description than that given above, as this part of the mechanism makes no part of my present invention, except so far as I have given it an organization and arrangement which adapts it to the second part of the mechanism, so that thetwo shall work in succession.

During the first series of operations the comber board (at) is lifted by the cam (m5) to raise the jacquard harness, and in like manner the jacquard is operated by `the cam (85') to raise that portion of the liguring warp which is to form the figuring loops or pile at the next operation, these two operations being performed by the first part of the mechanism. And at the end of the weaving in operations and before the first partv of the mechanism is arrested the comber board is permitted to descend to let down that portion of the figuring warp which is not to form the surface; and so soon as this is effected the first part of the mechanism is arrested and the second part started by the following arrangement, more particularly represented in Figs. 111, 15, 16, and 17, Plate 6.

On the shaft (a5) of the jacquard and comber board cams, there is a cam formed arm (c6) whichgradually lifts an arm (be), (projecting from an arbor (606)) and which then, by its form, permits it to fall back to its original position by the force of a weight f6) on another arm or lever (a) on the same arbor. The end of this weighted lever 1s hook formed and in descending catches onto a pendant hook (Z6) (ZG) jointed at (m6) to a vertically sliding rack (t) provided with cogs on two of its faces, those on `one face engaging with a cog-ged wheel (a6) that turns on the stud pin (0U), and those on the other face engaging the cog's of a sector rack (t6) that turns on a stud pin (1216). As the lever (at) draws down the rack (h6) it turns the cogged wheel (a) on the arbor of which there is a pinion (796) that engages with a sector rack (gt) that vibrates on the stud pin (r6), and to this is attached a belt shifter (s), so tha't the descent of this rack shifts the driving belt (s) from the pulley on the driving shaft of the first part of the mechanism, and transfers it to the driving pulley (U) on the driving shaft (V) of the second part of the mechanism which is thus started as the first part is arrested. As the driving belt is shifted from one driving pulley to the other, it passes over a loose pulley (T) to prevent strain on' the mechanism. And at the same time it is necessary to arrest the momentum of the machinery from which the driving power has been removed. This is effected by the sector rack (t6) to the hub of which there is short arm connected byineans of an adjustable connecting rod (LQ/6) with a brake (s6) which is thus forced against the inner periphery of the driving pulley to arrest by friction all the moving parts. On inspection of the drawings it will be seen that there is a like arrangement of parts on the other side for the purpose of shifting the driving belt back from the second to the first part of the mechanism in which 1/5) is the cam formed arm that acts on the arm (c5) of the arbor (cr) from which projects the weighted lever that catches on the pendant hook to draw down the double rack (i6) to vibrate the coggedwheel (as) and sector rack (MG) that operates the brake (al) within the pulley (U) by the connecting rod i/6). As the levers (d6) and (c6) move together and alternately act on the pendant hooks, that one of the sliding double racks may be lifted as the other is drawn down, provision is made alternately to place the pendant hooks out of the way, which is effected in the following manner, viz: As the pendant hook is drawn down by the lever (d6), a pin (represented by dotted lines `.in Fig. 17) that projects from the pendant hook runs within the flanges of a plate (a7, o?, c7) and in front of a spring (c7) (attached to the plate by screws (f7, r/HLT) and at the end of the downward mot-ion forces back the spring and gets behind it, so that when the lever (d6) is moved down at the next operation by the lever (c6), which operation carries up the pendant hook, it (the hook) is carried back to avoid catching the end of the lever by the curved form of the spring;

and so soon as it passes above the top of the spring it is forced forward to catch the end vof the' lever at the nextoperation by a spring (il) attached to the rack.

The first part of the mechanism. having been stopped and the figuring warps placed in a condition to receive the wires over which the figuring loops are to be formed,

`and the driving belt shifted to the pulley (U) on the driving shaftI (V) of the second part of the mechanism, the second series of operations commence, which are for introducing a wire under that portion of the figuring ywarp which is to be formed into loops, at the same time drawing out a wire from under the wrought figure, and then transferring this wire to the apparatus which is to introduce it under the figuring warp at the next operation. The details of the arrangement of the apparatus for operating the figuring wires are more closely represented on Plate 5, Fig. 5 being a vertical cross section taken in front of the lay,

looking from the back; Fig. G a vertical section taken in the direction of the warps; Fig. 7 a section taken through and in the length of the pincers.; Fig. 8, a horizontal sect-ion taken just above the lay; Fig. 9, a vertical section taken through the arbo-rs of the fingers for transferrring the figuring wires; Fig. 10 a separate view of the box for introducing the figuring wire to show its connection with the carriage to which it is attached; and Figs. 11, 12, and 13 separate sections of the box for introducing the figuring wires to exhibit the arrangement of parts for dropping them.

On the end of the driving shaft (V) there is a miter wheel (V) that engages with a similar wheel (X) on one end of a shaft (Y) that turns in collars (Z, Z) of a frame (ci) that is attached to, and turns freely on the end of the driving shaft (V) to admit of the vibration of the shaft (Y) independently of the motion of the driving shaft, in the usual manner of making a mangle wheel motion,tthe other end of the shaft being free to turn and slide in a groove (c) in a bracket (CZ) attached to the side of the frame; and to the extremity of this shaft is attached the mangle pinion (b) which acts on the external mangle rack (e) to give a reciprocating rectilinear movement to a main carriage (f) and all the parts attached to it, the said plate sliding between ways (g, projecting from a plate (7L) attached to the frame just below the breast beam (C) and projecting sufficiently beyond the frame on the right to admit of carrying the main carriage and the parts attached to it out of the way during the operation of weaving. vThe mangle rack at the ends is for a short distance straight and vertical instead of being semi-circular as usual, that all the mechanism which is carried by it may remain in a state of rest for a short time at the end of each motion, while thev mangle pinion is carried up or down.

From the carriage (f) projects an arm (h3) having a slot (g3) in which slides a bolt (e3) projecting from a secondary carriage (b3) that slides in ways (e3, e3) in a plate (CP) attached to the front of the la-y so that by this connection the secondary carriage can move with the lay and when the main carriage is moved by the mangle motion this secondary carriage is also carried with it. To the right hand end of this secondary carriage is attached at a long box (z2) with one end made in the form of a shuttle to admit of its free passage between the warps-the said box having a hopper like opening (i3) at the bottom of sufficient length and width to receive and discharge through the bottom thereof a liguring wire; but within this hopper, at equal distances apart, there are three curved arms (Z3) (two only are shown in the drawings) ings in the ends thereof, one end of the Said arbor being provided with another armV (m3) jointed to an arm (03) of a sho-rt vertical arbor (293) surrounded by a helical spring (g3) and provided with an arm (r3) at the upper end. The tension of the helical spring always tends to turn the arbor which it surrounds to keep, by the described connections, the curved arms (Z3) up, so as to support the figuring wire; but when the arm (r3) of the vertical varbor is brought into contact with a projection (s3) on the bar (F) of the lay, when the box (z2) is carried in under the figuring warps, as represented by dotted lines in Fig. 8, the curved arms are thrown open and the figuring wire dropped, the arms being closed by the tension of the helical spring so soon as the box is withdrawn from the open shed by the mangle motion.

The carriage (f) which, as described above, communicates motion to the box that carries the figuring wires, also carries the pair of pincers that withdraw the wires (z) from under the figuring loops. A standard projects upward from this carriage to the upper end of which at (m) and (at) are jointed the two .jaws (7c, that constitute the pincers-the two being provided with segment cogs (0, 79) to insure their opening and closing together. jaw (Z) has an arm (Z) which, when the jaws are closed, is held under a catch (@Z r) on the end of an arbor (s) carried by a standard of the carriage (f); and around this arbor is a helical spring (t) which bears the catch toward the arm (Z) of the jaws, there being an arm (o) on t-he same arbor the end of which runs on the upper edge of the plate (71,). When the carriage is started by the mangle pinion, at the commencement of the second series of operations, the jaws are open, and are carried toward the right hand selvage of the fabric as the box with the figuringv wire moves under the figuring warp, and when these approach the end of this motion that wire (z) which is to be drawn out from under the formed loops must be pushed partly out and toward the open pincers. rlhis is effected by a mechanism attached to an arm (e) that vibrates on an axle (g) in boxes (f f) attached to the front tie piece (B) of the frame. At the Lipper end of this arm there is a pla-te (n) which is borne (by a spring of any kind, or a weight that acts on the arm), against the first of the series of wires which is to be withdrawn, several being retained under the figuring loops to prevent the tension of the warps and the operation of the loom from drawing out the formed loops. A wedge formed instrument (71X) that slides in brackets (1, z") attached The lowerV is effected as described above. This sets in motion the Weaving in operation and the first beat of the lay brings the box which conveys the .wire under the figuring warp under the fingers and at the same time a projection (y2) on the sword of the lay liberates the catch (o2, co2) and permits the lever (r2) to descend and open the fingers to drop the wire into the box preparatory to the next operation o-f introducing the wire under the figuring warps.

After the driving power has been shifted back to the weaving in or first part' of the mechanism, the jacquard frame is operated by the cam (35) and its connections to let down the figuring warps that were thrown up to form the figuring loops that they may be woven in, and when the lay has made one beat for this purpose, the coinber board is elevated to lift the figuring warps out of the way of the operations of the linen or foundation warps, as above described.

From the foregoing it will be obvious that the parts of this mechanism which I claim as my invention can undergo many modifications .without changing the principle of my invention, as for instance, instead of using the mechanism above described for shifting the belt from one driving pulley to the other, a clutch may be substituted; or any other arrangement of mechanical means which will shift the belt from one to the other, or clutch and unclutch the parts, the object being to start one part of the mechanism as the other is arrested, a brake being used for each separate organization, so that the moment the driving power is shifted the brake shall act to arrest the momentum of the moving parts.

deliver the guring wires, hooked arms may be employed and connected with an arbor, so that they can turn to pass under the wirel to receive it from the pincers and in like manner turn to dropit into the box which j And A. instead of the hopper and shuttle 4formed carries it under the figuring warps.

box for receiving and introducing the Wires, arms such as are employed in the boX to close and open the bottom for the delivery of the wire may be used without the box in referring to the others being simply tol show that I have contemplated other modes. What I clai-Intherefore asmy invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. Giving to the two parts of the mecha- Again instead of using fingers that open and close to receive and 1 l also claim the method substantially i as above described of taking the figuring wires and transferring them one by one to the apparatus which introduces them under the figuring warps` as described.

t. And finally, I claim the method, substantially as described, o-f carrying and dropping the figuring wires under the figuring warps by means of a sliding box or its equivalent which supports the wire, as described.

E. B. BIGELOW. l/Vitnesses:

WM. C. APPLETON, Clins. T. MURpocH.

their being'l introduced under jt warps substantially 11s-described also to the l .tro

Disclaimer.

To the Commissioner of Patents The petition of Eimsrus B. BIGLOW, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, respectfully represents that be has, by assignment duly recorded in the Patent Oiiice, become the sole and exclusive owner of Letters Patent of the United States originally issued' to `himself,`clnte'd 20th of Mar-ch, A. `D.` 1847,

land reissued 11th September, A. D. 1849, 4for .Improvements in Brussels Looms; that -he has' reason to believe that ,through inadverten'ce and mistake certain claims mndejn 'the specification of Vt-he saclreissneV patent :1re too broad, includingthat of whichgh'e was not the inventor. p

Your petitioner, therefore, hereby enters his disclaimer to the second cla-im of-sxtid `reissue patent, being inthe following Words:

I claim `in combination with a' loom` -for weaving such looped fabrics nsherein designated, the employment Aof a box, trough,1or the" equivalent thereof, for4 receiving end ,holding the guring wires, 4preeretoryto e 'figuring thirdclaim of seid reissue, -in-pa-rt, that is to say, whereas it now readsllclairnthe fners, ortheir eqiliii'zilents,- which receivethe i' guring wiresffrom under lthe pile orjigurf- 1ing loops v in combiruitionV with thetrou b,

box, or t e; equivalent Athereof," into' vislvlfuch th'e' ,are deposited, preparatory to thejin-f ction of them undertheguringwnrps,

extent of the interest in said Letters Patent vested 1n 4your petitioner, who has paid ten dollars into the Treasury of the United States, agreeably to the requirements ofthe ac oil" Congress in that case made and provi e Executed at Boston, the 19th day of December, A. D. 1860. l

,. E. B. BIGELOW. In presence of- CANsrEN BnowNr., J. E. LLAYNADmn.

[Fmsr Psmrnn 1913.] 

